diff --git a/deno.json b/deno.json
index c5681e3..d241262 100644
--- a/deno.json
+++ b/deno.json
@@ -18,7 +18,10 @@
     "@/": "./src/",
     "@nostrify/nostrify": "jsr:@nostrify/nostrify@^0.15.0",
     "@std/cli": "jsr:@std/cli@^0.223.0",
+    "@std/crypto": "jsr:@std/crypto@^0.224.0",
+    "@std/encoding": "jsr:@std/encoding@^0.224.0",
     "@std/json": "jsr:@std/json@^0.223.0",
+    "@std/media-types": "jsr:@std/media-types@^0.224.0",
     "@std/streams": "jsr:@std/streams@^0.223.0",
     "hono": "https://deno.land/x/hono@v3.10.1/mod.ts",
     "hono/middleware": "https://deno.land/x/hono@v3.10.1/middleware.ts",
diff --git a/src/upload.ts b/src/upload.ts
index 5c16501..632dbab 100644
--- a/src/upload.ts
+++ b/src/upload.ts
@@ -16,8 +16,7 @@ async function uploadFile(file: File, meta: FileMeta, signal?: AbortSignal) {
     throw new Error('File size is too large.');
   }
 
-  const { cid } = await uploader.upload(file, signal);
-  const url = new URL(`/ipfs/${cid}`, Conf.mediaDomain).toString();
+  const { url } = await uploader.upload(file, { signal });
 
   return insertUnattachedMedia({
     pubkey,
diff --git a/src/uploaders/ipfs.ts b/src/uploaders/ipfs.ts
index 6e0e0e7..21619b5 100644
--- a/src/uploaders/ipfs.ts
+++ b/src/uploaders/ipfs.ts
@@ -30,10 +30,12 @@ const ipfsUploader: Uploader = {
       signal: opts?.signal,
     });
 
-    const { Hash } = ipfsAddResponseSchema.parse(await response.json());
+    const { Hash: cid } = ipfsAddResponseSchema.parse(await response.json());
 
     return {
-      cid: Hash,
+      id: cid,
+      cid,
+      url: new URL(`/ipfs/${cid}`, Conf.mediaDomain).toString(),
     };
   },
   async delete(cid, opts) {
diff --git a/src/uploaders/s3.ts b/src/uploaders/s3.ts
index 378b279..29f3043 100644
--- a/src/uploaders/s3.ts
+++ b/src/uploaders/s3.ts
@@ -1,30 +1,39 @@
+import { join } from 'node:path';
+
+import { crypto } from '@std/crypto';
+import { encodeHex } from '@std/encoding/hex';
+import { extensionsByType } from '@std/media-types';
+
 import { Conf } from '@/config.ts';
-import { IpfsHash, S3Client } from '@/deps.ts';
+import { S3Client } from '@/deps.ts';
 
 import type { Uploader } from './types.ts';
 
-/**
- * S3-compatible uploader for AWS, Wasabi, DigitalOcean Spaces, and more.
- * Files are named by their IPFS CID and exposed at `/ipfs/<cid>`, letting it
- * take advantage of IPFS features while not really using IPFS.
- */
+/** S3-compatible uploader for AWS, Wasabi, DigitalOcean Spaces, and more. */
 const s3Uploader: Uploader = {
   async upload(file) {
-    const cid = await IpfsHash.of(file.stream()) as string;
+    const sha256 = encodeHex(await crypto.subtle.digest('SHA-256', file.stream()));
+    const ext = extensionsByType(file.type)?.[0] ?? 'bin';
+    const filename = `${sha256}.${ext}`;
 
-    await client().putObject(`ipfs/${cid}`, file.stream(), {
+    await client().putObject(filename, file.stream(), {
       metadata: {
         'Content-Type': file.type,
         'x-amz-acl': 'public-read',
       },
     });
 
+    const { pathStyle, bucket } = Conf.s3;
+    const path = (pathStyle && bucket) ? join(bucket, filename) : filename;
+
     return {
-      cid,
+      id: filename,
+      sha256,
+      url: new URL(path, Conf.mediaDomain).toString(),
     };
   },
-  async delete(cid) {
-    await client().deleteObject(`ipfs/${cid}`);
+  async delete(id) {
+    await client().deleteObject(id);
   },
 };
 
diff --git a/src/uploaders/types.ts b/src/uploaders/types.ts
index 8898048..c514ad1 100644
--- a/src/uploaders/types.ts
+++ b/src/uploaders/types.ts
@@ -8,8 +8,14 @@ interface Uploader {
 
 /** Return value from the uploader after uploading a file. */
 interface UploadResult {
-  /** IPFS CID for the file. */
-  cid: string;
+  /** File ID specific to the uploader, so it can later be referenced or deleted. */
+  id: string;
+  /** URL where the file can be accessed. */
+  url: string;
+  /** SHA-256 hash of the file. */
+  sha256?: string;
+  /** IPFS CID of the file. */
+  cid?: string;
 }
 
 export type { Uploader };