diff --git a/src/controllers/api/accounts.ts b/src/controllers/api/accounts.ts
index 68edfbc..88d19b1 100644
--- a/src/controllers/api/accounts.ts
+++ b/src/controllers/api/accounts.ts
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ const createAccountSchema = z.object({
 });
 
 const createAccountController: AppController = async (c) => {
-  const pubkey = c.get('pubkey')!;
+  const pubkey = await c.get('signer')?.getPublicKey()!;
   const result = createAccountSchema.safeParse(await c.req.json());
 
   if (!result.success) {
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ const createAccountController: AppController = async (c) => {
 };
 
 const verifyCredentialsController: AppController = async (c) => {
-  const pubkey = c.get('pubkey')!;
+  const pubkey = await c.get('signer')?.getPublicKey()!;
 
   const event = await getAuthor(pubkey, { relations: ['author_stats'] });
   if (event) {
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ const accountSearchController: AppController = async (c) => {
 };
 
 const relationshipsController: AppController = async (c) => {
-  const pubkey = c.get('pubkey')!;
+  const pubkey = await c.get('signer')?.getPublicKey()!;
   const ids = z.array(z.string()).safeParse(c.req.queries('id[]'));
 
   if (!ids.success) {
@@ -178,7 +178,11 @@ const accountStatusesController: AppController = async (c) => {
       return events;
     });
 
-  const statuses = await Promise.all(events.map((event) => renderStatus(event, { viewerPubkey: c.get('pubkey') })));
+  const viewerPubkey = await c.get('signer')?.getPublicKey();
+
+  const statuses = await Promise.all(
+    events.map((event) => renderStatus(event, { viewerPubkey })),
+  );
   return paginated(c, events, statuses);
 };
 
@@ -194,7 +198,7 @@ const updateCredentialsSchema = z.object({
 });
 
 const updateCredentialsController: AppController = async (c) => {
-  const pubkey = c.get('pubkey')!;
+  const pubkey = await c.get('signer')?.getPublicKey()!;
   const body = await parseBody(c.req.raw);
   const result = updateCredentialsSchema.safeParse(body);
 
@@ -236,7 +240,7 @@ const updateCredentialsController: AppController = async (c) => {
 
 /** https://docs.joinmastodon.org/methods/accounts/#follow */
 const followController: AppController = async (c) => {
-  const sourcePubkey = c.get('pubkey')!;
+  const sourcePubkey = await c.get('signer')?.getPublicKey()!;
   const targetPubkey = c.req.param('pubkey');
 
   await updateListEvent(
@@ -253,7 +257,7 @@ const followController: AppController = async (c) => {
 
 /** https://docs.joinmastodon.org/methods/accounts/#unfollow */
 const unfollowController: AppController = async (c) => {
-  const sourcePubkey = c.get('pubkey')!;
+  const sourcePubkey = await c.get('signer')?.getPublicKey()!;
   const targetPubkey = c.req.param('pubkey');
 
   await updateListEvent(
@@ -290,7 +294,7 @@ const unblockController: AppController = (c) => {
 
 /** https://docs.joinmastodon.org/methods/accounts/#mute */
 const muteController: AppController = async (c) => {
-  const sourcePubkey = c.get('pubkey')!;
+  const sourcePubkey = await c.get('signer')?.getPublicKey()!;
   const targetPubkey = c.req.param('pubkey');
 
   await updateListEvent(
@@ -305,7 +309,7 @@ const muteController: AppController = async (c) => {
 
 /** https://docs.joinmastodon.org/methods/accounts/#unmute */
 const unmuteController: AppController = async (c) => {
-  const sourcePubkey = c.get('pubkey')!;
+  const sourcePubkey = await c.get('signer')?.getPublicKey()!;
   const targetPubkey = c.req.param('pubkey');
 
   await updateListEvent(
@@ -319,7 +323,7 @@ const unmuteController: AppController = async (c) => {
 };
 
 const favouritesController: AppController = async (c) => {
-  const pubkey = c.get('pubkey')!;
+  const pubkey = await c.get('signer')?.getPublicKey()!;
   const params = paginationSchema.parse(c.req.query());
   const { signal } = c.req.raw;
 
@@ -335,7 +339,11 @@ const favouritesController: AppController = async (c) => {
   const events1 = await Storages.db.query([{ kinds: [1], ids }], { signal })
     .then((events) => hydrateEvents({ events, storage: Storages.db, signal }));
 
-  const statuses = await Promise.all(events1.map((event) => renderStatus(event, { viewerPubkey: c.get('pubkey') })));
+  const viewerPubkey = await c.get('signer')?.getPublicKey();
+
+  const statuses = await Promise.all(
+    events1.map((event) => renderStatus(event, { viewerPubkey })),
+  );
   return paginated(c, events1, statuses);
 };
 
diff --git a/src/controllers/api/bookmarks.ts b/src/controllers/api/bookmarks.ts
index 8d44f95..1616fa2 100644
--- a/src/controllers/api/bookmarks.ts
+++ b/src/controllers/api/bookmarks.ts
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import { renderStatuses } from '@/views.ts';
 
 /** https://docs.joinmastodon.org/methods/bookmarks/#get */
 const bookmarksController: AppController = async (c) => {
-  const pubkey = c.get('pubkey')!;
+  const pubkey = await c.get('signer')?.getPublicKey()!;
   const { signal } = c.req.raw;
 
   const [event10003] = await Storages.db.query(
diff --git a/src/controllers/api/markers.ts b/src/controllers/api/markers.ts
index ce1c4ec..005ebbe 100644
--- a/src/controllers/api/markers.ts
+++ b/src/controllers/api/markers.ts
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ interface Marker {
 }
 
 export const markersController: AppController = async (c) => {
-  const pubkey = c.get('pubkey')!;
+  const pubkey = await c.get('signer')?.getPublicKey()!;
   const timelines = c.req.queries('timeline[]') ?? [];
 
   const results = await kv.getMany<Marker[]>(
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ const markerDataSchema = z.object({
 });
 
 export const updateMarkersController: AppController = async (c) => {
-  const pubkey = c.get('pubkey')!;
+  const pubkey = await c.get('signer')?.getPublicKey()!;
   const record = z.record(z.enum(['home', 'notifications']), markerDataSchema).parse(await parseBody(c.req.raw));
   const timelines = Object.keys(record) as Timeline[];
 
diff --git a/src/controllers/api/media.ts b/src/controllers/api/media.ts
index dd36a53..33b7981 100644
--- a/src/controllers/api/media.ts
+++ b/src/controllers/api/media.ts
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ const mediaBodySchema = z.object({
 });
 
 const mediaController: AppController = async (c) => {
-  const pubkey = c.get('pubkey')!;
+  const pubkey = await c.get('signer')?.getPublicKey()!;
   const result = mediaBodySchema.safeParse(await parseBody(c.req.raw));
   const { signal } = c.req.raw;
 
diff --git a/src/controllers/api/mutes.ts b/src/controllers/api/mutes.ts
index 77b60e3..fe048e9 100644
--- a/src/controllers/api/mutes.ts
+++ b/src/controllers/api/mutes.ts
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import { renderAccounts } from '@/views.ts';
 
 /** https://docs.joinmastodon.org/methods/mutes/#get */
 const mutesController: AppController = async (c) => {
-  const pubkey = c.get('pubkey')!;
+  const pubkey = await c.get('signer')?.getPublicKey()!;
   const { signal } = c.req.raw;
 
   const [event10000] = await Storages.db.query(
diff --git a/src/controllers/api/notifications.ts b/src/controllers/api/notifications.ts
index b2fa15e..857f2a3 100644
--- a/src/controllers/api/notifications.ts
+++ b/src/controllers/api/notifications.ts
@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ import { hydrateEvents } from '@/storages/hydrate.ts';
 import { paginated, paginationSchema } from '@/utils/api.ts';
 import { renderNotification } from '@/views/mastodon/notifications.ts';
 
-const notificationsController: AppController = (c) => {
-  const pubkey = c.get('pubkey')!;
+const notificationsController: AppController = async (c) => {
+  const pubkey = await c.get('signer')?.getPublicKey()!;
   const { since, until } = paginationSchema.parse(c.req.query());
 
   return renderNotifications(c, [{ kinds: [1, 6, 7], '#p': [pubkey], since, until }]);
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ const notificationsController: AppController = (c) => {
 
 async function renderNotifications(c: AppContext, filters: NostrFilter[]) {
   const store = c.get('store');
-  const pubkey = c.get('pubkey')!;
+  const pubkey = await c.get('signer')?.getPublicKey()!;
   const { signal } = c.req.raw;
 
   const events = await store
diff --git a/src/controllers/api/reports.ts b/src/controllers/api/reports.ts
index eb85bd2..55fb601 100644
--- a/src/controllers/api/reports.ts
+++ b/src/controllers/api/reports.ts
@@ -55,9 +55,15 @@ const reportController: AppController = async (c) => {
 /** https://docs.joinmastodon.org/methods/admin/reports/#get */
 const adminReportsController: AppController = async (c) => {
   const store = c.get('store');
+  const viewerPubkey = await c.get('signer')?.getPublicKey();
+
   const reports = await store.query([{ kinds: [1984], '#P': [Conf.pubkey] }])
     .then((events) => hydrateEvents({ storage: store, events: events, signal: c.req.raw.signal }))
-    .then((events) => Promise.all(events.map((event) => renderAdminReport(event, { viewerPubkey: c.get('pubkey') }))));
+    .then((events) =>
+      Promise.all(
+        events.map((event) => renderAdminReport(event, { viewerPubkey })),
+      )
+    );
 
   return c.json(reports);
 };
@@ -67,7 +73,7 @@ const adminReportController: AppController = async (c) => {
   const eventId = c.req.param('id');
   const { signal } = c.req.raw;
   const store = c.get('store');
-  const pubkey = c.get('pubkey');
+  const pubkey = await c.get('signer')?.getPublicKey();
 
   const [event] = await store.query([{
     kinds: [1984],
@@ -89,7 +95,7 @@ const adminReportResolveController: AppController = async (c) => {
   const eventId = c.req.param('id');
   const { signal } = c.req.raw;
   const store = c.get('store');
-  const pubkey = c.get('pubkey');
+  const pubkey = await c.get('signer')?.getPublicKey();
 
   const [event] = await store.query([{
     kinds: [1984],
diff --git a/src/controllers/api/search.ts b/src/controllers/api/search.ts
index e674d0e..fe08ace 100644
--- a/src/controllers/api/search.ts
+++ b/src/controllers/api/search.ts
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ const searchController: AppController = async (c) => {
   }
 
   const results = dedupeEvents(events);
+  const viewerPubkey = await c.get('signer')?.getPublicKey();
 
   const [accounts, statuses] = await Promise.all([
     Promise.all(
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ const searchController: AppController = async (c) => {
     Promise.all(
       results
         .filter((event) => event.kind === 1)
-        .map((event) => renderStatus(event, { viewerPubkey: c.get('pubkey') }))
+        .map((event) => renderStatus(event, { viewerPubkey }))
         .filter(Boolean),
     ),
   ]);
diff --git a/src/controllers/api/statuses.ts b/src/controllers/api/statuses.ts
index 3420383..1138c0a 100644
--- a/src/controllers/api/statuses.ts
+++ b/src/controllers/api/statuses.ts
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ const statusController: AppController = async (c) => {
   });
 
   if (event) {
-    return c.json(await renderStatus(event, { viewerPubkey: c.get('pubkey') }));
+    return c.json(await renderStatus(event, { viewerPubkey: await c.get('signer')?.getPublicKey() }));
   }
 
   return c.json({ error: 'Event not found.' }, 404);
@@ -89,9 +89,11 @@ const createStatusController: AppController = async (c) => {
     tags.push(['subject', data.spoiler_text]);
   }
 
+  const viewerPubkey = await c.get('signer')?.getPublicKey();
+
   if (data.media_ids?.length) {
     const media = await getUnattachedMediaByIds(data.media_ids)
-      .then((media) => media.filter(({ pubkey }) => pubkey === c.get('pubkey')))
+      .then((media) => media.filter(({ pubkey }) => pubkey === viewerPubkey))
       .then((media) => media.map(({ url, data }) => ['media', url, data]));
 
     tags.push(...media);
@@ -143,12 +145,12 @@ const createStatusController: AppController = async (c) => {
     });
   }
 
-  return c.json(await renderStatus({ ...event, author }, { viewerPubkey: c.get('pubkey') }));
+  return c.json(await renderStatus({ ...event, author }, { viewerPubkey: await c.get('signer')?.getPublicKey() }));
 };
 
 const deleteStatusController: AppController = async (c) => {
   const id = c.req.param('id');
-  const pubkey = c.get('pubkey');
+  const pubkey = await c.get('signer')?.getPublicKey();
 
   const event = await getEvent(id, { signal: c.req.raw.signal });
 
@@ -172,9 +174,12 @@ const deleteStatusController: AppController = async (c) => {
 const contextController: AppController = async (c) => {
   const id = c.req.param('id');
   const event = await getEvent(id, { kind: 1, relations: ['author', 'event_stats', 'author_stats'] });
+  const viewerPubkey = await c.get('signer')?.getPublicKey();
 
   async function renderStatuses(events: NostrEvent[]) {
-    const statuses = await Promise.all(events.map((event) => renderStatus(event, { viewerPubkey: c.get('pubkey') })));
+    const statuses = await Promise.all(
+      events.map((event) => renderStatus(event, { viewerPubkey })),
+    );
     return statuses.filter(Boolean);
   }
 
@@ -204,7 +209,7 @@ const favouriteController: AppController = async (c) => {
       ],
     }, c);
 
-    const status = await renderStatus(target, { viewerPubkey: c.get('pubkey') });
+    const status = await renderStatus(target, { viewerPubkey: await c.get('signer')?.getPublicKey() });
 
     if (status) {
       status.favourited = true;
@@ -247,7 +252,7 @@ const reblogStatusController: AppController = async (c) => {
     signal: signal,
   });
 
-  const status = await renderReblog(reblogEvent, { viewerPubkey: c.get('pubkey') });
+  const status = await renderReblog(reblogEvent, { viewerPubkey: await c.get('signer')?.getPublicKey() });
 
   return c.json(status);
 };
@@ -255,7 +260,7 @@ const reblogStatusController: AppController = async (c) => {
 /** https://docs.joinmastodon.org/methods/statuses/#unreblog */
 const unreblogStatusController: AppController = async (c) => {
   const eventId = c.req.param('id');
-  const pubkey = c.get('pubkey') as string;
+  const pubkey = await c.get('signer')?.getPublicKey() as string;
 
   const event = await getEvent(eventId, {
     kind: 1,
@@ -282,7 +287,7 @@ const rebloggedByController: AppController = (c) => {
 
 /** https://docs.joinmastodon.org/methods/statuses/#bookmark */
 const bookmarkController: AppController = async (c) => {
-  const pubkey = c.get('pubkey')!;
+  const pubkey = await c.get('signer')?.getPublicKey()!;
   const eventId = c.req.param('id');
 
   const event = await getEvent(eventId, {
@@ -309,7 +314,7 @@ const bookmarkController: AppController = async (c) => {
 
 /** https://docs.joinmastodon.org/methods/statuses/#unbookmark */
 const unbookmarkController: AppController = async (c) => {
-  const pubkey = c.get('pubkey')!;
+  const pubkey = await c.get('signer')?.getPublicKey()!;
   const eventId = c.req.param('id');
 
   const event = await getEvent(eventId, {
@@ -336,7 +341,7 @@ const unbookmarkController: AppController = async (c) => {
 
 /** https://docs.joinmastodon.org/methods/statuses/#pin */
 const pinController: AppController = async (c) => {
-  const pubkey = c.get('pubkey')!;
+  const pubkey = await c.get('signer')?.getPublicKey()!;
   const eventId = c.req.param('id');
 
   const event = await getEvent(eventId, {
@@ -363,7 +368,7 @@ const pinController: AppController = async (c) => {
 
 /** https://docs.joinmastodon.org/methods/statuses/#unpin */
 const unpinController: AppController = async (c) => {
-  const pubkey = c.get('pubkey')!;
+  const pubkey = await c.get('signer')?.getPublicKey()!;
   const eventId = c.req.param('id');
   const { signal } = c.req.raw;
 
@@ -423,7 +428,7 @@ const zapController: AppController = async (c) => {
       ],
     }, c);
 
-    const status = await renderStatus(target, { viewerPubkey: c.get('pubkey') });
+    const status = await renderStatus(target, { viewerPubkey: await c.get('signer')?.getPublicKey() });
     status.zapped = true;
 
     return c.json(status);
diff --git a/src/controllers/api/timelines.ts b/src/controllers/api/timelines.ts
index 27459a8..0880d84 100644
--- a/src/controllers/api/timelines.ts
+++ b/src/controllers/api/timelines.ts
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import { renderReblog, renderStatus } from '@/views/mastodon/statuses.ts';
 
 const homeTimelineController: AppController = async (c) => {
   const params = paginationSchema.parse(c.req.query());
-  const pubkey = c.get('pubkey')!;
+  const pubkey = await c.get('signer')?.getPublicKey()!;
   const authors = await getFeedPubkeys(pubkey);
   return renderStatuses(c, [{ authors, kinds: [1, 6], ...params }]);
 };
@@ -61,11 +61,13 @@ async function renderStatuses(c: AppContext, filters: NostrFilter[]) {
     return c.json([]);
   }
 
+  const viewerPubkey = await c.get('signer')?.getPublicKey();
+
   const statuses = (await Promise.all(events.map((event) => {
     if (event.kind === 6) {
-      return renderReblog(event, { viewerPubkey: c.get('pubkey') });
+      return renderReblog(event, { viewerPubkey });
     }
-    return renderStatus(event, { viewerPubkey: c.get('pubkey') });
+    return renderStatus(event, { viewerPubkey });
   }))).filter((boolean) => boolean);
 
   if (!statuses.length) {
diff --git a/src/middleware/auth98.ts b/src/middleware/auth98.ts
index db025ae..d761b95 100644
--- a/src/middleware/auth98.ts
+++ b/src/middleware/auth98.ts
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ import {
   validateAuthEvent,
 } from '@/utils/nip98.ts';
 import { localRequest } from '@/utils/api.ts';
-import { APISigner } from '@/signers/APISigner.ts';
 import { findUser, User } from '@/db/users.ts';
 
 /**
@@ -70,7 +69,7 @@ function withProof(
   opts?: ParseAuthRequestOpts,
 ): AppMiddleware {
   return async (c, next) => {
-    const pubkey = c.get('pubkey');
+    const pubkey = await c.get('signer')?.getPublicKey();
     const proof = c.get('proof') || await obtainProof(c, opts);
 
     // Prevent people from accidentally using the wrong account. This has no other security implications.
@@ -90,9 +89,16 @@ function withProof(
 
 /** Get the proof over Nostr Connect. */
 async function obtainProof(c: AppContext, opts?: ParseAuthRequestOpts) {
+  const signer = c.get('signer');
+  if (!signer) {
+    throw new HTTPException(401, {
+      res: c.json({ error: 'No way to sign Nostr event' }, 401),
+    });
+  }
+
   const req = localRequest(c);
   const reqEvent = await buildAuthEventTemplate(req, opts);
-  const resEvent = await new APISigner(c).signEvent(reqEvent);
+  const resEvent = await signer.signEvent(reqEvent);
   const result = await validateAuthEvent(req, resEvent, opts);
 
   if (result.success) {
diff --git a/src/middleware/store.ts b/src/middleware/store.ts
index 60055b3..40b7c59 100644
--- a/src/middleware/store.ts
+++ b/src/middleware/store.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import { Storages } from '@/storages.ts';
 
 /** Store middleware. */
 const storeMiddleware: AppMiddleware = async (c, next) => {
-  const pubkey = c.get('pubkey');
+  const pubkey = await c.get('signer')?.getPublicKey();
 
   if (pubkey) {
     const store = new UserStore(pubkey, Storages.admin);
diff --git a/src/utils/api.ts b/src/utils/api.ts
index cba7c66..3dfdfa3 100644
--- a/src/utils/api.ts
+++ b/src/utils/api.ts
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ import { type AppContext } from '@/app.ts';
 import { Conf } from '@/config.ts';
 import * as pipeline from '@/pipeline.ts';
 import { AdminSigner } from '@/signers/AdminSigner.ts';
-import { APISigner } from '@/signers/APISigner.ts';
 import { Storages } from '@/storages.ts';
 import { nostrNow } from '@/utils.ts';
 
@@ -21,7 +20,13 @@ type EventStub = TypeFest.SetOptional<EventTemplate, 'content' | 'created_at' |
 
 /** Publish an event through the pipeline. */
 async function createEvent(t: EventStub, c: AppContext): Promise<NostrEvent> {
-  const signer = new APISigner(c);
+  const signer = c.get('signer');
+
+  if (!signer) {
+    throw new HTTPException(401, {
+      res: c.json({ error: 'No way to sign Nostr event' }, 401),
+    });
+  }
 
   const event = await signer.signEvent({
     content: '',
diff --git a/src/views.ts b/src/views.ts
index 9c31dfc..451ce14 100644
--- a/src/views.ts
+++ b/src/views.ts
@@ -59,8 +59,10 @@ async function renderStatuses(c: AppContext, ids: string[], signal = AbortSignal
 
   const sortedEvents = [...events].sort((a, b) => ids.indexOf(a.id) - ids.indexOf(b.id));
 
+  const viewerPubkey = await c.get('signer')?.getPublicKey();
+
   const statuses = await Promise.all(
-    sortedEvents.map((event) => renderStatus(event, { viewerPubkey: c.get('pubkey') })),
+    sortedEvents.map((event) => renderStatus(event, { viewerPubkey })),
   );
 
   // TODO: pagination with min_id and max_id based on the order of `ids`.