Docs: Add chat motivation and api description.
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# Chats
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Chats are a way to represent an IM-style conversation between two actors. They are not the same as direct messages and they are not `Status`es, even though they have a lot in common.
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## Why Chats?
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There are no 'visibility levels' in ActivityPub, their definition is purely a Mastodon convention. Direct Messaging between users on the fediverse has mostly been modeled by using ActivityPub addressing following Mastodon conventions on normal `Note` objects. In this case, a 'direct message' would be a message that has no followers addressed and also does not address the special public actor, but just the recipients in the `to` field. It would still be a `Note` and is presented with other `Note`s as a `Status` in the API.
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This is an awkward setup for a few reasons:
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- As DMs generally still follow the usual `Status` conventions, it is easy to accidentally pull somebody into a DM thread by mentioning them. (e.g. "I hate @badguy so much")
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- It is possible to go from a publicly addressed `Status` to a DM reply, back to public, then to a 'followers only' reply, and so on. This can be become very confusing, as it is unclear which user can see which part of the conversation.
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- The standard `Status` format of implicit addressing also leads to rather ugly results if you try to display the messages as a chat, because all the recipients are always mentioned by name in the message.
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- As direct messages are posted with the same api call (and usually same frontend component) as public messages, accidentally making a public message private or vice versa can happen easily. Client bugs can also lead to this, accidentally making private messages public.
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As a measure to improve this situation, the `Conversation` concept and related Pleroma extensions were introduced. While it made it possible to work around a few of the issues, many of the problems remained and it didn't see much adoption because it was too complicated to use correctly.
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## Chats explained
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For this reasons, Chats are a new and different entity, both in the API as well as in ActivityPub. A quick overview:
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- Chats are meant to represent an instant message conversation between two actors. For now these are only 1-on-1 conversations, but the other actor can be a group in the future.
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- Chat messages have the ActivityPub type `ChatMessage`. They are not `Note`s. Servers that don't understand them will just drop them.
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- The only addressing allowed in `ChatMessage`s is one single ActivityPub actor in the `to` field.
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- There's always only one Chat between two actors. If you start chatting with someone and later start a 'new' Chat, the old Chat will be continued.
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- `ChatMessage`s are posted with a different api, making it very hard to accidentally send a message to the wrong person.
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- `ChatMessage`s don't show up in the existing timelines.
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- Chats can never go from private to public. They are always private between the two actors.
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## Caveats
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- Chats are NOT E2E encrypted (yet). Security is still the same as email.
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## API
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In general, the way to send a `ChatMessage` is to first create a `Chat`, then post a message to that `Chat`. The actors in the API are generally given by their ActivityPub id to make it easier to support later `Group` scenarios.
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This is the overview of using the API. The API is also documented via OpenAPI, so you can view it and play with it by pointing SwaggerUI or a similar OpenAPI tool to `https://yourinstance.tld/api/openapi`.
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### Creating or getting a chat.
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To create or get an existing Chat for a certain recipient (identified by AP ID)
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you can call:
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`POST /api/v1/pleroma/chats/by-ap-id/{ap_id}`
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The ap_id of the recipients needs to be www-form encoded, so
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```
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https://originalpatchou.li/user/lambda
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```
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would become
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```
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https%3A%2F%2Foriginalpatchou.li%2Fuser%2Flambda
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```
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The full call would then be
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```
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POST /api/v1/pleroma/chats/by-ap-id/https%3A%2F%2Foriginalpatchou.li%2Fuser%2Flambda
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```
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There will only ever be ONE Chat for you and a given recipient, so this call
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will return the same Chat if you already have one with that user.
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Returned data:
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```json
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{
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"recipient" : "https://dontbulling.me/users/lain",
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"recipient_account": {
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"id": "someflakeid",
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"username": "somenick",
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...
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},
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"id" : "1",
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"unread" : 2
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}
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```
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### Getting a list of Chats
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`GET /api/v1/pleroma/chats`
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This will return a list of chats that you have been involved in, sorted by their
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last update (so new chats will be at the top).
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Returned data:
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```json
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[
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{
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"recipient" : "https://dontbulling.me/users/lain",
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"recipient_account": {
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"id": "someflakeid",
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"username": "somenick",
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...
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},
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"id" : "1",
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"unread" : 2
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}
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]
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```
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The recipient of messages that are sent to this chat is given by their AP ID.
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The usual pagination options are implemented.
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### Getting the messages for a Chat
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For a given Chat id, you can get the associated messages with
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`GET /api/v1/pleroma/chats/{id}/messages`
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This will return all messages, sorted by most recent to least recent. The usual
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pagination options are implemented
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Returned data:
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```json
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[
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{
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"actor": "https://dontbulling.me/users/lain",
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"chat_id": "1",
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"content": "Check this out :firefox:",
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"created_at": "2020-04-21T15:11:46.000Z",
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"emojis": [
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{
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"shortcode": "firefox",
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"static_url": "https://dontbulling.me/emoji/Firefox.gif",
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"url": "https://dontbulling.me/emoji/Firefox.gif",
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"visible_in_picker": false
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}
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],
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"id": "13"
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},
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{
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"actor": "https://dontbulling.me/users/lain",
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"chat_id": "1",
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"content": "Whats' up?",
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"created_at": "2020-04-21T15:06:45.000Z",
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"emojis": [],
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"id": "12"
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}
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]
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```
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### Posting a chat message
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Posting a chat message for given Chat id works like this:
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`POST /api/v1/pleroma/chats/{id}/messages`
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Parameters:
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- content: The text content of the message
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Currently, no formatting beyond basic escaping and emoji is implemented, as well as no
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attachments. This will most probably change.
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Returned data:
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```json
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{
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"actor": "https://dontbulling.me/users/lain",
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"chat_id": "1",
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"content": "Check this out :firefox:",
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"created_at": "2020-04-21T15:11:46.000Z",
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"emojis": [
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{
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"shortcode": "firefox",
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"static_url": "https://dontbulling.me/emoji/Firefox.gif",
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"url": "https://dontbulling.me/emoji/Firefox.gif",
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"visible_in_picker": false
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}
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],
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"id": "13"
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}
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```
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### Notifications
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There's a new `pleroma:chat_mention` notification, which has this form:
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```json
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{
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"id": "someid",
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"type": "pleroma:chat_mention",
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"account": { ... } // User account of the sender,
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"chat_message": {
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"chat_id": "1",
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"id": "10",
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"content": "Hello",
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"actor": "https://dontbulling.me/users/lain"
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},
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"created_at": "somedate"
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}
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```
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